Old Arram is the first tongue of Elshore, the language of the Iru, now kept only in liturgy and inscription. This is an honest gloss between Old Arram and your site language, drawn word by word from the surviving lexicon.

A single Markdown file with the full grammar, every word, worked examples, and instructions for an AI agent to write real, beautiful Old Arram.

Gloss , .

7 / 7 words (100%).

Rule-built translation, not fluent speech: the engine applies the canon morphology and reorders simple clauses into subject-object-verb, but long or nested sentences keep their typed order. Select a word to see exactly what the engine did.

Grammar and phonology

Word order
Subject - Object - Verb (SOV)
Type
Analytic-agglutinative
Stress
On the second syllable by default
Syllable
CV(C); the glottal mark ( ’ ) shows a morpheme boundary
Script
The Ilso Script (the naturally evolved, flowing hand of the Iru)

Derivational suffixes

Old Arram builds meaning by adding productive suffixes to a stem. Stem mutation is rare.

-dVerbaliser (feel → feelid, to depict)
-e / -leNominaliser (isuu → isuule, corpse)
-nioBearer of a quality, scion of
-fooOf the, originating from, possessing
-nnoBasic adjectival suffix
-nniComparative degree
-ninSuperlative degree
-iiIntensifier or pluraliser
-ooMasculine marker (names, gendered forms)
-aaFeminine or abstract nominal suffix
-laMotion or wave-associated noun/aspect
'ïnaGenitive / agentive enclitic: of, by, through (uhi'ïna = of the structure)

Tense, aspect, and mood

Time is marked by prefixes (past) and a suffix (future); aspect by particles before the verb.

nih’-Past tense (aelid → nih’aelid, moved)
lihe’-Poetic or emphatic past
ofiPerfect: has/have done
ofi’eleStative/passive perfect: has been done
-ifoFuture (ill → ill’ifo, will work)
tamDistant, uncertain, or fated future

Modality

Built around a content verb (here kohta, to build). The modal word precedes it.

taanudwant to (desire)
hikican (ability)
enlemay (permission)
tarwimust (obligation)
pahawill probably (speculation)
senmaybe (hypothetical)

Numerals

A transparent base-10 system. Numbers above ten are right-headed compounds joined with the glottal mark.

dun’ash11 (ten and one)
ner’dun’sur23 (two tens and three)
wal’dun40 (four tens)
terun’hil105 (hundred and five)
sur kena ner ele temthree times two equals six

Intentional homophonies

Three meanings the Iru kept fused rather than split apart.

surwinter AND three
ihaI AND strength
lisaand / also AND add AND plus

How the translator works

The engine is rule-based, with no machine guessing: it looks a word up in the lexicon, then tries the canon morphology (past nih', future -ifo, plural -ii, degrees -nni/-nin, postpositions, derivational suffixes, numeral compounds), reorders simple clauses into subject-object-verb, and forges a marked, rule-built stand-in for anything unknown. Select any word in the result to see the morphemes and the exact rules that produced it.

Sample sentences

  • Dho Thelian naawë feëlïd.

    Literal the Thelian window depicts

    Natural Thelian depicts the window.

  • Liï i’dho grël, chona uud’ï hro sëellanno.

    Literal if you (are) the grël, do not cast yourself from wisdom

    Natural If you are the grël, do not die stupid.

  • Iha ti’safad era selod’ifo.

    Literal I that-say he/she go-will

    Natural I say that he will go.

  • I’han isk gastë.

    Literal my head affliction

    Natural My head is in pain.

The lexicon

Showing 80 / 3864 (3864 words).

Old ArramClassMeaningNote
a'aeraparticlewhen?aera = time
a'aitiaparticlewhy?aitia = cause
a'inimparticlehow?inim = manner
a'iruparticlewho?a' + iru
a'iru'naparticlewhose?
a'ituparticlewhich month?itu = month
a'kiparticlewhere?ki = place
a'ki'hroparticlewhere from? (whence)
a'ki'namparticlewhich (place/thing)?
a'ki'oonparticlewhere to? (whither)
a'liinparticlewhat day? / when?liin = day
a'namparticlewhat? (thing)a' + nam
a'nam'eleparticlewhat is it?
a'samparticlewhich level? / which one?sam = level
a'telosparticlewhat result? / outcome?
aanounarm
aalaannounchild
aalto'selnounswell, deep-sea wavela (wave) of the open meri
aamun'koinoundawn, first lightedge of proi (morning)
aamupnounmorning mealfrom proi (morning) custom
aamupifooadjectiveof the morning meal, from the morning mealproductive origin/possession adjective of aamup + -foo
aaneknounloudnessexpansion root
aanekifooadjectiveof the loudness, from the loudnessproductive origin/possession adjective of aanek + -foo
aaneknoadjectiveloud, noisyfrom aanek (loudness) + -nno adjectival
aaninounvote, voice in councilgu (voice) counted
aanidverbto votefrom aani (vote) + -d verbaliser
aanifooadjectiveof the vote, from the voteproductive origin/possession adjective of aani + -foo
aanilenounact of vote, a vote-ingproductive nominalisation of aani + -e/-le
aaninionounone given to vote, vote-bearerproductive agent of aani + -nio
aarverbto roam, to discover
aarënouna roaming, a discovery
aaretonnounthe boundless, infinitewithout bir
aaretonifooadjectiveof the the boundless, from the the boundlessproductive origin/possession adjective of aareton + -foo
aaretonnoadjectiveboundless, infinitefrom aareton (the boundless) + -nno adjectival
aarrenountreasure, hoardexpansion root
aarrefooadjectiveof the treasure, from the treasureproductive origin/possession adjective of aarre + -foo
aatelinounthe nobility as a classexpansion root
aatelifooadjectiveof the the nobility as a class, from the the nobility as a classproductive origin/possession adjective of aateli + -foo
aawenounghost, lingering shadena that did not cross to manala
aawefooadjectiveof the ghost, from the ghostproductive origin/possession adjective of aawe + -foo
aawikkonounwaste, barren expansetik'daara is sand-desert; aavikko any waste
aawikkofooadjectiveof the waste, from the wasteproductive origin/possession adjective of aawikko + -foo
abunounfather
abu'leçnoununcle (paternal)
abu'ninnounaunt (paternal)
aciverbreach, get, arrive
acilenouna reach, extent
addunounlightning (far away)
aenounmovement
aelïdverbto move
aeludverbto live, to exist
aeludnnoadjectivelivable, habitableaelud (to live) + -nno adjectival
aërnounair, wind
aer'laiwanounairship, sky vesselconceptual compound aer + laiwa
aeranountime, moment, interval
aera'lanouncurrent of time, time-waveaera (time) + la (wave)
aeradënounmeasured time
aeradïdverbto delay or measure time
aesnounprime
aginounjob, wage labour
agonounbusiness, activity
ah'inoadverbbad
ah'oialadverbtrue
ah'opioadverbyoung
ahiladverbpoor
ahkenoundiligenceexpansion root
ahkefooadjectiveof the diligence, from the diligenceproductive origin/possession adjective of ahke + -foo
ahkennoadjectivediligent, industriousfrom ahke (diligence) + -nno adjectival
ahwennounstriped lake-fishcommon lake catch
ahwenifooadjectiveof the striped lake-fish, from the striped lake-fishproductive origin/possession adjective of ahwen + -foo
interjectionexclamation of pain, shock, or awe
aikakapsnountime-cache, deliberate depositleft by the old world for the new
aikakapsifooadjectiveof the time-cache, from the time-cacheproductive origin/possession adjective of aikakaps + -foo
aikakaunounera, epochudil of the whole ki-ur
aikakaufooadjectiveof the era, from the eraproductive origin/possession adjective of aikakau + -foo
ainenounmatter, substanceexpansion root
ainefooadjectiveof the matter, from the matterproductive origin/possession adjective of aine + -foo
aironounoarexpansion root
airodverbto rowfrom airo (oar) + -d verbaliser
airofooadjectiveof the oar, from the oarproductive origin/possession adjective of airo + -foo
Elshore - a work in progress. Inferred, not told